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BASIC SKILLS

Observing

Using the 5 senses (see, hear, touch, smell, taste) to find out about objects and events, their characteristics, properties, differences, similarities, and changes
Observations are recorded.

Classifying

Grouping or ordering objects or events according to similarities or differences in properties
Lists, tables, or charts are generated.

Measuring

Comparing an unknown quantity with a known (metric units, time, student- generated frames of reference) – Observations are quantified using proper measuring devices and techniques
Measurements are to be recorded in an orderly and systematic fashion with labeled units of measure. Charts, graphs, or tables can be generated manually or with computer software.

Inferring

Interpreting or explaining observation
More than one inference may be presented to explain an observation.

Predicting

Forming an idea of an expected result – not a guess – but a belief of what will occur based upon present knowledge and understandings, observations and inferences
A prediction should be followed by a written or oral explanation to clarify ideas and reveal any misconceptions or missing information.

Communicating

Using the written and spoken work, graphs, demonstrations, drawings, diagrams, or tables to transmit information and ideas to others
To reflect the true nature of science, ideas must be shared.

Using Number Relationships

Applying numbers and their mathematical relationships to make decisions
Numbers are basic to science – mathematical knowledge is applied.

INTEGRATED SKILLS

Making Models

Constructing mental, verbal, or physical representations of ideas, objects, or events to clarify explanations or demonstrate relationships.
Constructing models helps clarify ideas.

Defining Operationally

Creating a definition by describing what is done and observed
It is in the language of the students.

Definitions are in context of students’ experiences – not from the glossary, not to be memorized.

Collecting Data

Gathering and recording information about observations and measurements in a systematic way

Interpreting Data

Organizing, analyzing, and synthesizing data using tables, graphs, and diagrams to locate patterns that lead to the construction of inferences, predictions, or hypotheses.

Identifying and Controlling Variables

Manipulating one factor to investigate the outcome of an event while other factors are held constant.
Young children become confused with multiple variables.

Students need practice in identifying variables that affect outcomes.

Formulating Hypotheses (Hypothesizing)

Making educated guesses based on evidence that can be tested through experimentation.

Experimenting

Designing one’s own experiment to test a hypothesis using procedures to obtain reliable data
All basic and integrated skills to formulate a problem, collect data, and pose a solution are used.

Doing a teacher-orchestrated science activity is NOT experimenting.

Student demonstrates understanding and application of scientific method though inquiry, research and self-design of experiment to test a hypothesis.

Source: The American Association for the Advancement of Science

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